Stages of the Menstrual Cycle
You may have seen the menstrual cycle referred to as the “fifth vital sign”. The importance of the menstrual cycle on overall health status is becoming increasingly studied and discussed. Our pelvic floor PTs at Foundations Pelvic Health will often ask patients about their periods, as we can learn a lot about your pelvic health symptoms from understanding your cycle.
The entire menstrual cycle ranges from ~21-35 days, depending on the individual. Let’s take a look at what is going on and how that may affect your day-to-day life!
Menstrual Phase
The first 1-7 days, if you do not conceive, estrogen and progesterone drop, leading to a period. This is when the uterine lining is shed. Characterized as the bleeding portion of the cycle, it can be accompanied by cramping, fatigue, and weakness. This is the time to prioritize self care, and rest, and people may find that gentle movement such as yoga and walking feels best.
Follicular Phase
On days 7-13, estrogen and testosterone start to rise, and the pituitary gland produces Follicular Stimulating Hormone (FSH), which gives the ovaries the cue to prepare an egg. You will likely start to feel more energetic and ambitious. You may feel like you can increase your exercise intensity, and doing Pilates, light cardio, and strength training.
Ovulatory Phase
This phase occurs mid-cycle, and is the most fertile portion of your cycle. When trying to conceive (TTC), it’s crucial to pay attention to this part of your cycle and how it manifests in your body. Luteinizing hormone (LH) will surge, which causes a mature follicle to release an egg. Energy levels will be high, as will libido, and it’s a great time to plan a romantic date night. Also, you may find this is an excellent time to push higher level cardio and make some gains in the gym!
Luteal Phase
The last portion of the cycle, days ~14-28, may come with lower mood and energy. Progesterone and estrogen will start to rise to support potential pregnancy but, if not pregnant, hormones drop which leads to menstruation. The end of this phase is when PMS occurs, and with it, cravings, mood swings, and bloating. Gentle exercise may feel good!
If you are noticing missed periods, or the length of them is greatly varying, this is something to let your gynecologist know about. Very heavy bleeding and pain during your cycle are also important signals to pay attention to and let your provider know, as they may indicate conditions such as endometriosis or other reproductive or pelvic conditions.